US

Music Event Ticketing

Question A:

The market power of ticket-selling intermediaries leads to consumers who ultimately attend the music events paying substantially more and producers receiving substantially less than they would if the intermediary sector were more competitive.

Responses weighted by each expert's confidence

Question B:

The present system of initial ticket selling and reselling through secondary ticket intermediaries often leads to large transfers between different groups of ticket buyers that could be partially captured by artists through higher initial ticket prices.

Responses weighted by each expert's confidence

Question C:

Artists set prices at less than market-clearing levels in an effort to provide access for fans with modest incomes.

Responses weighted by each expert's confidence

Question A Participant Responses

Participant University Vote Confidence Bio/Vote History
Acemoglu
Daron Acemoglu
MIT
Agree
2
Bio/Vote History
Altonji
Joseph Altonji
Yale
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Auerbach
Alan Auerbach
Berkeley
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Autor
David Autor
MIT
Agree
7
Bio/Vote History
There may be some optimal underpricing to generate 'buzz' as per the interesting work of Alex Imas. But the bots-buy-the-tix-and-then price-gouge equilibrium that we're in is bad for everyone but scalpers.
-see background information here
Baicker
Katherine Baicker
University of Chicago
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Banerjee
Abhijit Banerjee
MIT Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Bertrand
Marianne Bertrand
Chicago
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History
Brunnermeier
Markus Brunnermeier
Princeton
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Chetty
Raj Chetty
Harvard Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Chevalier
Judith Chevalier
Yale
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Cutler
David Cutler
Harvard
Agree
4
Bio/Vote History
Deaton
Angus Deaton
Princeton
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Duffie
Darrell Duffie
Stanford
Agree
1
Bio/Vote History
Edlin
Aaron Edlin
Berkeley
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History
Eichengreen
Barry Eichengreen
Berkeley
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Einav
Liran Einav
Stanford
Uncertain
1
Bio/Vote History
Fair
Ray Fair
Yale
Uncertain
5
Bio/Vote History
Finkelstein
Amy Finkelstein
MIT Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Goldberg
Pinelopi Goldberg
Yale
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Goolsbee
Austan Goolsbee
Chicago Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Greenstone
Michael Greenstone
University of Chicago
Agree
4
Bio/Vote History
Hall
Robert Hall
Stanford
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Hart
Oliver Hart
Harvard
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History
Holmström
Bengt Holmström
MIT
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History
Hoxby
Caroline Hoxby
Stanford
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Hoynes
Hilary Hoynes
Berkeley
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Judd
Kenneth Judd
Stanford
Uncertain
5
Bio/Vote History
What is keeping out entry? Merely selling tickets is something many websites do. The market power may lie with Live Nation Entertainment, its parent company, which provides many services related to concert promotion.
Kaplan
Steven Kaplan
Chicago Booth
Uncertain
1
Bio/Vote History
Kashyap
Anil Kashyap
Chicago Booth
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Klenow
Pete Klenow
Stanford
Agree
2
Bio/Vote History
Levin
Jonathan Levin
Stanford
Uncertain
5
Bio/Vote History
Maskin
Eric Maskin
Harvard
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Nordhaus
William Nordhaus
Yale
Uncertain
1
Bio/Vote History
Obstfeld
Maurice Obstfeld
Berkeley
Agree
1
Bio/Vote History
Saez
Emmanuel Saez
Berkeley
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Samuelson
Larry Samuelson
Yale
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History
What is most clear is that the intermediaries capture a large chunk of surplus; at a cost to at least one side of the market but it is harder to say whether this comes primarily at the cost of consumers or producers.
Scheinkman
José Scheinkman
Columbia University
Uncertain
4
Bio/Vote History
Schmalensee
Richard Schmalensee
MIT Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Shapiro
Carl Shapiro
Berkeley
Agree
8
Bio/Vote History
Shimer
Robert Shimer
University of Chicago
Agree
1
Bio/Vote History
Stock
James Stock
Harvard Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Thaler
Richard Thaler
Chicago Booth
Agree
4
Bio/Vote History
Udry
Christopher Udry
Northwestern
Strongly Agree
5
Bio/Vote History

Question B Participant Responses

Participant University Vote Confidence Bio/Vote History
Acemoglu
Daron Acemoglu
MIT
Agree
2
Bio/Vote History
Altonji
Joseph Altonji
Yale
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Auerbach
Alan Auerbach
Berkeley
Strongly Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Autor
David Autor
MIT
Agree
7
Bio/Vote History
There may be some optimal underpricing to generate 'buzz' as per the interesting work of Alex Imas. But the bots-buy-the-tix-and-then price-gouge equilibrium that we're in is bad for everyone but scalpers.
-see background information here
Baicker
Katherine Baicker
University of Chicago
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Banerjee
Abhijit Banerjee
MIT Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Bertrand
Marianne Bertrand
Chicago
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Brunnermeier
Markus Brunnermeier
Princeton
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History
Chetty
Raj Chetty
Harvard Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Chevalier
Judith Chevalier
Yale
Strongly Agree
9
Bio/Vote History
Cutler
David Cutler
Harvard
Agree
2
Bio/Vote History
Deaton
Angus Deaton
Princeton
Uncertain
3
Bio/Vote History
Duffie
Darrell Duffie
Stanford
Agree
1
Bio/Vote History
Edlin
Aaron Edlin
Berkeley
Agree
7
Bio/Vote History
Eichengreen
Barry Eichengreen
Berkeley
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Einav
Liran Einav
Stanford
Agree
1
Bio/Vote History
Fair
Ray Fair
Yale
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Finkelstein
Amy Finkelstein
MIT Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Goldberg
Pinelopi Goldberg
Yale
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Goolsbee
Austan Goolsbee
Chicago Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Greenstone
Michael Greenstone
University of Chicago
Strongly Agree
8
Bio/Vote History
Hall
Robert Hall
Stanford
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Hart
Oliver Hart
Harvard
Agree
8
Bio/Vote History
Holmström
Bengt Holmström
MIT
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History
Hoxby
Caroline Hoxby
Stanford
Agree
2
Bio/Vote History
Hoynes
Hilary Hoynes
Berkeley
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Judd
Kenneth Judd
Stanford
Agree
7
Bio/Vote History
Kaplan
Steven Kaplan
Chicago Booth
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Kashyap
Anil Kashyap
Chicago Booth
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Look at how much better the system that Lin Manuel Miranda used in London works. No resales permitted (need to show id to attend that matches credit card that bought the ticket), but full rebates offered if you can't make it.
Klenow
Pete Klenow
Stanford
Agree
2
Bio/Vote History
Levin
Jonathan Levin
Stanford
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Maskin
Eric Maskin
Harvard
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Nordhaus
William Nordhaus
Yale
Uncertain
1
Bio/Vote History
Obstfeld
Maurice Obstfeld
Berkeley
Agree
1
Bio/Vote History
Saez
Emmanuel Saez
Berkeley
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Samuelson
Larry Samuelson
Yale
Agree
8
Bio/Vote History
Market-clearing prices would allow produces to capture much of the surplus.
Scheinkman
José Scheinkman
Columbia University
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History
See Connolly and Krueger "Rockonomics" (NBER, 2005)
Schmalensee
Richard Schmalensee
MIT Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Shapiro
Carl Shapiro
Berkeley
Agree
9
Bio/Vote History
Shimer
Robert Shimer
University of Chicago
Agree
7
Bio/Vote History
Stock
James Stock
Harvard Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Thaler
Richard Thaler
Chicago Booth
Uncertain
3
Bio/Vote History
Udry
Christopher Udry
Northwestern
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History

Question C Participant Responses

Participant University Vote Confidence Bio/Vote History
Acemoglu
Daron Acemoglu
MIT
Uncertain
2
Bio/Vote History
Many factors affect artists' pricing decisions, and there is probably considerable heterogeneity in their priorities.
Altonji
Joseph Altonji
Yale
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Auerbach
Alan Auerbach
Berkeley
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Autor
David Autor
MIT
Uncertain
6
Bio/Vote History
That's what the artists say, and it may even be what they intend, but it's not what happens, so it's hard to explain why they keep saying and doing this. There ought to be a better mechanism that preserves some low price tix for direct access by fans.
Baicker
Katherine Baicker
University of Chicago
Uncertain
3
Bio/Vote History
Banerjee
Abhijit Banerjee
MIT Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Bertrand
Marianne Bertrand
Chicago
Agree
3
Bio/Vote History
Brunnermeier
Markus Brunnermeier
Princeton
Uncertain
3
Bio/Vote History
Chetty
Raj Chetty
Harvard Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Chevalier
Judith Chevalier
Yale
Uncertain
6
Bio/Vote History
Prices are often set at less than market-clearing levels and that appears to sometimes be at the direction of the artist. The reasons why may be more complex than stated.
Cutler
David Cutler
Harvard
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Deaton
Angus Deaton
Princeton
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Duffie
Darrell Duffie
Stanford
Agree
1
Bio/Vote History
Edlin
Aaron Edlin
Berkeley
Uncertain
5
Bio/Vote History
Eichengreen
Barry Eichengreen
Berkeley
Uncertain
5
Bio/Vote History
The "with modest incomes" part is uncertain.
Einav
Liran Einav
Stanford
Agree
1
Bio/Vote History
Fair
Ray Fair
Yale
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Finkelstein
Amy Finkelstein
MIT Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Goldberg
Pinelopi Goldberg
Yale
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Goolsbee
Austan Goolsbee
Chicago Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Greenstone
Michael Greenstone
University of Chicago
Uncertain
2
Bio/Vote History
there are surely many reasons........including social norms about what is "fair"
Hall
Robert Hall
Stanford
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Hart
Oliver Hart
Harvard
Uncertain
1
Bio/Vote History
Some artists do but many do not.
Holmström
Bengt Holmström
MIT
Disagree
4
Bio/Vote History
Some do, most don’t is my impression
Hoxby
Caroline Hoxby
Stanford
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Hoynes
Hilary Hoynes
Berkeley
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Judd
Kenneth Judd
Stanford
Strongly Agree
8
Bio/Vote History
Artists need the energy of an active audience. I can afford higher prices to the concerts I attend but I just sit there and observe the performance. No screaming. Occasional applause. I would not want to be a performer and have an audience of only people like me.
Kaplan
Steven Kaplan
Chicago Booth
Agree
7
Bio/Vote History
Kashyap
Anil Kashyap
Chicago Booth
Uncertain
3
Bio/Vote History
Maybe, but maybe the free publicity from the scramble to get the scarce tix is the motivator?
Klenow
Pete Klenow
Stanford
Agree
1
Bio/Vote History
Levin
Jonathan Levin
Stanford
Agree
7
Bio/Vote History
Maskin
Eric Maskin
Harvard
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Nordhaus
William Nordhaus
Yale
Uncertain
1
Bio/Vote History
Obstfeld
Maurice Obstfeld
Berkeley
Uncertain
1
Bio/Vote History
Saez
Emmanuel Saez
Berkeley
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
Samuelson
Larry Samuelson
Yale
Agree
6
Bio/Vote History
There may be other reasons, including the publicity generated by frenzied ticket sales.
Scheinkman
José Scheinkman
Columbia University
No Opinion
Bio/Vote History
Schmalensee
Richard Schmalensee
MIT Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Shapiro
Carl Shapiro
Berkeley
Strongly Agree
9
Bio/Vote History
Shimer
Robert Shimer
University of Chicago
Agree
7
Bio/Vote History
Stock
James Stock
Harvard Did Not Answer Bio/Vote History
Thaler
Richard Thaler
Chicago Booth
Agree
4
Bio/Vote History
Artists want at least some fans who are young and enthusiastic. Such fans do not always have the highest WTP.
Udry
Christopher Udry
Northwestern
Agree
5
Bio/Vote History
I am sure there are multiple reasons; this is among them for some artists.